The study of the human brain is currently a fundamental area of interest in science due to the complexity and diversity of functions performed by this organ. Although the brains of humans and mice differ in size and structure, they share numerous fundamental principles that allow scientists to extrapolate findings from rodent studies to humans. However, neuroscience research faces significant challenges due to the intrinsic complexity of nervous systems and the ethical and practical limitations associated with direct experiments on living organisms.
In this context, simulation environments have emerged as powerful tools for research. These environments allow for the modelling and detailed analysis of neural processes in a controlled setting without involving any living organisms. The ability to simulate brain activity when stimulated by external factors not only facilitates understanding of the brain’s response to these stimuli but also can accelerate the development of treatments for neurological diseases, such as cancer or stroke.
The main objective of this work is to develop a simulator capable of stimulating human and mouse brains using the transcranial magnetic stimulation method and quantifying the impact of various parameters in the simulation.
To achieve this objective, various brain simulators currently in use have been analysed, and one has been selected as the basis for the simulator. Additionally, the functioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation and the necessary instruments for carrying out this stimulation method have been studied. Furthermore, the modelling of the magnetic field generated by coils, both with and without a core, has been explored.
After gathering all this information, the simulator was completed, capable of simulating both human and mouse brains. Moreover, it allows for generating stimuli in the target brain with fully customized coils, as it is possible to model them by varying parameters such as height, radius, or number of turns. The intensity circulating through these coils can also be adjusted. Additionally, various commercial coils and stimulation systems consisting of multiple coils were successfully modelled.
Finally, various tests were conducted to verify that the modelling of the different coils was accurate and to measure different parameters. The parameters measured included the maximum radial electric field generated in the brain for each coil, the value of this electric field at different depths, the effect of the distance between the skull and the coil on the stimulation, and the field generated by the stimulation systems. Subsequently, all these tests were parametrized.
This project has developed and implemented a simulator capable of replicating brain stimulation in humans and mice through transcranial magnetic stimulation. The simulator allows customization of parameters such as coil position and number, distance from the skull, or stimulation intensity. After various tests, its accuracy has been confirmed, helping to reduce risks and improve personalized TMS treatments. Additionally, the inclusion of mouse models reduces the need for live experiments. The simulator offers applications in neuroscience research, therapy optimization, and the development of new clinical protocols.
Therefore, it can be confirmed that the proposed general objectives have been achieved and the technical feasibility of the project has been demonstrated.
All the code corresponding to the simulator is located in the following repository: https://github.com/rfparra/TFM